You can see the latest list of available methods in types.lua.
Vector3 is a class with three values: X, Y and Z.
It is used to describe a position or direction of a force.
For the latest list of the methods, refer to “types.lua” file in “EmbeddedScriptWorkspace” folder.
To shorten the description, Vector3 type is abbreviated as Vec and number type is abbreviated as num.
Arguments are shown in () and return values are shown after semicolons :.
| Method name | Description |
| Slerp (a: Vec3, b: Vec3, t: num): Vec3 | Spherically interpolates between two vectors by the coefficient t. The range of t is [0, 1]. |
| SlerpUnclamped (a: Vec3, b: Vec3, t: num): Vec3 | Same as Slerp, but doesn't restrict the t range to [0, 1]. Used for things like springs. |
| OrthoNormalize (normal: usertype, tangent: usertype) | |
| RotateTowards (current, target, maxRadiansDelta, maxMagnitudeDelta): Vec3 | |
| Lerp (a: Vec3, b: Vec3, t: num): Vec3 | Linearly interpolates between two vectors by the coefficient t. The range of t is [0, 1]. |
| LerpUnclamped (a: Vec3, b: Vec3, t: num): Vec3 | Same as Lerp, but doesn't restrict the t range to [0, 1]. Used for things like springs. |
| MoveTowards (current: Vec3, target: Vec3, maxDistanceDelta: num): Vec3 | |
| SmoothDamp (current: Vec3, target: Vec3, currentVelocity: usertype, smoothTime: num, maxSpeed: num): Vec3 | Change the vector gradually toward the target as the time proceeds. |
| set_Item (index: num, value: num) | |
| Set (newX: num, newY: num, newZ: num) | |
| Scale (a: Vec3, b: Vec3): Vec3 | Multiply each element of two vectors. |
| Cross (lhs: Vec3, rhs: Vec3): Vec3 | Calculate the cross product of two vectors. |
| GetHashCode(): num | Not to be used. |
| Reflect (inDirection: Vec3, inNormal: Vec3): Vec3 | |
| Normalize (value: Vec3): Vec3 | Normalize a vector to a unit vector. |
| Dot (lhs: Vec3, rhs: Vec3): num | Calculate the inner product of two vectors. |
| Project (vector: Vec3, onNormal: Vec3): Vec3 | Calculate the vector of the projection of the first argument, using onNormal as the base. |
| ProjectOnPlane (vector: Vec3, planeNormal: Vec3): Vec3 | |
| Angle (from: Vec3, to: Vec3): num | Return the angle of the vector between two points (Return the result of Dot() as Euler angle) |
| SignedAngle (from: Vec3, to: Vec3, axis: Vec3): num | |
| Distance (a: Vec3, b: Vec3): num | Calculate the distance between two points: a and b. * Same as (a-b).magnitude |
| ClampMagnitude (vector: Vec3, maxLength: num): Vec3 | |
| Magnitude (vector: Vec3): num | Calculate the length of the vector. |
| SqrMagnitude (vector: Vec3): num | Calculate the squared length of the vector. |
| Min (lhs: Vec3, rhs: Vec3): Vec3 | Compare each element of two vectors and create a vector with the smallest values. |
| Max (lhs: Vec3, rhs: Vec3): Vec3 | Compare each element of two vectors and create a vector with the largest values. |
| ToString (): string | |
| AngleBetween (from: Vec3, to: Vec3): num | |
| Exclude (excludeThis: Vec3, fromThat: Vec3): Vec3 | |
| normalized: Vec3 | Normalize the vector (Read-only) |
| magnitude: num | Read the vector as length. |
| sqrMagnitude: num | Read the vector as squared length. |
| Method name | Description |
| _new (x: num, y: num, z: num): Vec3 | |
| zero: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) |
| one: Vec3 | (1.0, 1.0, 1.0) |
| forward: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, 1.0) positive Z-axis |
| back: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, -1.0) negative Z-axis |
| up: Vec3 | (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) positive Y-axis |
| down: Vec3 | (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) negative Y-axis |
| left: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) negative X-axis |
| right: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) positive X-axis |
| positiveInfinity: Vec3 | (Infinity, Infinity, Infinity) |
| negativeInfinity: Vec3 | (-Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity) |
| fwd: Vec3 | (0.0, 0.0, 1.0) positive Z-axis (same as forward) |
| kEpsilon: num | |
| kEpsilonNormalSqrt: num | |
| x: num | Access only the “x” in a “Vec3” |
| y: num | Access only the “y” in a “Vec3” |
| z: num | Access only the “z” in a “Vec3” |
Example
local pos = Vector3.__new(1,1,1) local zero = Vector3.zero local one = Vector3.one print(pos) print(zero) print(one)
The result
(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
In VCI, to initialize a Vector3, use “new” as shown above.
You can also specify the value by using “zero” and “one” after “Vector3”.
The types of value will be number, which is handled as floating-point numbers internally.
Example
local zero = Vector3.zero print(zero) local one = Vector3.one print(one) local forward = Vector3.forward print(forward) local back = Vector3.back print(back) local up = Vector3.up print(up) local down = Vector3.down print(down) local left = Vector3.left print(left) local right = Vector3.right print(right)
The result
(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) (1.0, 1.0, 1.0) (0.0, 0.0, 1.0) (0.0, 0.0, -1.0) (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0) (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
The X-axis corresponds to left-right direction, Y-axis corresponds to up-down direction and Z-axis corresponds to a forward-backward direction. For example, by using SetVelocity() (ExportTransform) to add Vector3.forward on a SubItem, you can move the SubItem to the direction of Z-axis.
Example
local pos = Vector3.__new(1,1,1) pos.x = pos.x + 1 pos.x = pos.y + 2 pos.x = pos.z + 3 print(pos.x) print(pos.y) print(pos.z)
The result
2 3 4
To access each element of Vector3 individually, specify the element you want to access after a variable.
Use the format VariableName.ElementToAccess.
Example
local fwd = Vector3.fwd print(fwd) local negativeInfinity = Vector3.negativeInfinity print(negativeInfinity) local positiveInfinity = Vector3.positiveInfinity print(positiveInfinity)
The result
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0) (-Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity) (Infinity, Infinity, Infinity)
Vector3.fwd is the same as Vector3.forward.
Example
local vec3 = Vector3.__new(0.5,1,2) print(vec3) print(vec3.normalized)
The result
(0.5, 1.0, 2.0) (0.2, 0.4, 0.9)
Normalize a vector.
When comparing two vectors, it is difficult to handle them in their original values, therefore, perform normalization to align to the standard unit vector.
When you want to handle a vector as a direction, you need to align the vector to the length of 1, so that it can be handled as an element with just the direction.